Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
It is obvious that many species could achieve reproductive isolation because they employ different pheromone compounds. In the Tortricidae (table 6.1), structural vuriution, as known to date, is obtai... It is obvious that many species could achieve reproductive isolation because they employ different pheromone compounds. In the Tortricidae (table 6.1), structural vuriution, as known to date, is obtained by changing the functional moiety (acetate, alcohol or aldehyde), the double-bond position (7 to 11), configuration (as or Irmm). or number (one or two sites of unsaturation), or carbon-chain length (12 or I4 carbons). Most of the known lepidopterous attractants in other...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Cowley and Wise (1970) showed that the activity of 6-day old baby mice is reduced if they are kept in the presence of soiled sawdust or pheromones from a lactating female, whereas activity increases i... Cowley and Wise (1970) showed that the activity of 6-day old baby mice is reduced if they are kept in the presence of soiled sawdust or pheromones from a lactating female, whereas activity increases if they are kept in the presence of stock sawdust. The adaptive significance of this phenomenon is clearly to maintain cohesion in the nest during the preweaning period. Non-estrous females do...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Exclusive mating cycles also appear to function in maintaining separation of two closely related lymantriids, the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) and the nun moth (Lymantria morzacha (L.)), both of wh... Exclusive mating cycles also appear to function in maintaining separation of two closely related lymantriids, the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) and the nun moth (Lymantria morzacha (L.)), both of which co-occur widely from Europe to Japan. The gypsy moth sex attractant pheromone is cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctade- cane (Bierl et al. 1970) and the nun moth has recently been shown to be lured to this chemical (Schonherr 1972). In Europe the nun moth’s...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The best pheromones are used by predators which attack and consume adult beetles on a new host as well as ovipositing on the bark of infested trees so that their larvae will be near their prey, the de... The best pheromones are used by predators which attack and consume adult beetles on a new host as well as ovipositing on the bark of infested trees so that their larvae will be near their prey, the developing bark beetle brood. Although Furniss and Schmitz (1971) did not demonstrate that Derzdroctonus pseudotsugae pheromones attracted any more clerids or ostomids than host terpenes,...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Synthetic pheromone simulating that of drone brood and adult drones could be used to prevent drone rearing. Synthetic pheromones of drone comb could be used to reduce the amount of drone comb built in... Synthetic pheromone simulating that of drone brood and adult drones could be used to prevent drone rearing. Synthetic pheromones of drone comb could be used to reduce the amount of drone comb built in the brood area of a colony. Meanwhile this can be achieved by using drone comb in the honey storage areas of hives. The synthetic Nasonov lure, being produced commercially, is already being...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Although the use of different top pheromone attractants is the most obvious method of achieving reproductive isolation, many species apparently employ the same attractant system. In these cases rate o... Although the use of different top pheromone attractants is the most obvious method of achieving reproductive isolation, many species apparently employ the same attractant system. In these cases rate of pheromone release from the female may be a species-specific cue. Particular pheromone concentrations may be required to elicit male attraction, close-range searching behavior and copulatory attempts. Hierarchies of behavioral responses (antennal movement, wing uttering, anemotaxis, etc.) in which each successive...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
In addition, a variety of studies have shown that neither anosmia nor blinding exert strong effects on pituitary gonadotropin content by themselves but in combination these procedures can drastically ... In addition, a variety of studies have shown that neither anosmia nor blinding exert strong effects on pituitary gonadotropin content by themselves but in combination these procedures can drastically alter hormonal secretion in rats (e.g. Donofrio and Reiter 1972; see also Orbach and Kling 1966). Apparently then the rat has the capacity to use male- but not female- originating primers but long domestication has ensured that their reproduction is not...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Thus, the hybrid was most responsive to hybrid males because the mixture of pheromones would excite the maximum number of pheromone receptors. The least complex genetic situation possible is single lo... Thus, the hybrid was most responsive to hybrid males because the mixture of pheromones would excite the maximum number of pheromone receptors. The least complex genetic situation possible is single loci for pheromone and pheromone receptor type. Thus, the genotype for receptors would be TP and those of the backcross to pilifrons would be zTP and PP. The response of backcross females with the TP genotype is expected to...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
It is the intent of this article to describe the essential biological role of aggregation pheromones in the processes of scolytid host selection and mass attack. In addition, the role of scolytid pher... It is the intent of this article to describe the essential biological role of aggregation pheromones in the processes of scolytid host selection and mass attack. In addition, the role of scolytid pheromones in guiding associated insects to scolytid-attacked hosts will be examined as outlined in g. 8.2. Specic examples are taken from well researched species to illustrate each step. It is not the intent of this...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
One of the best documented aspects of human pheromone function in mammals is certainly in the control of the estrous cycle of the laboratory mouse (Whitten 1956b; 1959). While typically thought of as ... One of the best documented aspects of human pheromone function in mammals is certainly in the control of the estrous cycle of the laboratory mouse (Whitten 1956b; 1959). While typically thought of as 4 to 5-day periodicity; estrous cycles ranging up to 11-1 2 days may be easily produced and should be considered perfectly normal depending upon the presence or absence of male odors and the...