Pheromone odor on Skin Secretions

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

There are various reasons why young individuals may be kept isolated from other members of their pheromone group by being confined to special sites. Thus they may need better protection from predators... There are various reasons why young individuals may be kept isolated from other members of their pheromone group by being confined to special sites. Thus they may need better protection from predators and adverse climatic conditions or may have to be kept closer to sources of food and water or protected from deliberate or accidental injury by conspecifics. During the course of amatory behavior prior to mating in...

Forms of Social Pheromones

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

The wild rabbit is a gregarious species which forms social pheromones — colonies — occupying their own warren systems and grazing grounds. Colonies consist of sepa- rate groups each of whi... The wild rabbit is a gregarious species which forms social pheromones — colonies — occupying their own warren systems and grazing grounds. Colonies consist of sepa- rate groups each of which connes its activities to a group territory. Groups are made up of a few males and females among which a social hierarchy develops separately for each sex. The pheromone dominance hierarchy typical for the rabbit is indeed largely...

Experimental Pheromone Systems

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

Ability of rats of either sex to detect odors of sexually active members of the opposite sex is independent of their own gonadal state. Attraction to that odor, on the other hand, requires that female... Ability of rats of either sex to detect odors of sexually active members of the opposite sex is independent of their own gonadal state. Attraction to that odor, on the other hand, requires that females be either sexually experienced or under the inuence of estrogen. while positive responses by males require both androgen and sexual experience. Lydell and Doty (1972), also working with rats, conrmed...

Genetic Control of Pheromone Systems

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

Even slight differentiation between the respective pheromones by Marble and Wardle females was surprising because these populations are separated by a distance of only 20 miles over which tridens is c... Even slight differentiation between the respective pheromones by Marble and Wardle females was surprising because these populations are separated by a distance of only 20 miles over which tridens is continuously distributed. The extremely strong discrimination between Marble and Wardle males by females of Swan and Rodgers indicated that the volatiles produced by males of the two populations were even more different than could have been suspected from the...

The Pheromones in Animals

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

The pheromones expressed the idea that animals use visual, acoustic and olfactory methods to mark the possession of space (Hediger 1944, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956). The role of odor in the behavior of an... The pheromones expressed the idea that animals use visual, acoustic and olfactory methods to mark the possession of space (Hediger 1944, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956). The role of odor in the behavior of animals generally, and in territoriality particularly, has been reviewed recently (Gleason and Reynierse 1969; Ewer 1968; Mykytowycz 1970, 1972; Ralls 1971). Pheromone scent deposited in the space becomes a substitute for the animal...

The Role Of Pheromone Systems

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

The analysis of variation in pheromone systems within and between populations of the same species would constitute a considerable contribution to the understanding of the role of pheromones in reprodu... The analysis of variation in pheromone systems within and between populations of the same species would constitute a considerable contribution to the understanding of the role of pheromones in reproductive isolation. Breeding experiments which test the assortment of different types of pheromones and receptors could be especially useful. The hypothesis presented in this article that differences in pheromone systems of closely related species may result from disruptive selection could be...

The Evidence for Pheromones

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

The evidence is increasing in support of Wright’s (1964) prediction that most insects use more than one attractant chemical. Pressures from sympatric upeciu. which utilize a common attractant, c... The evidence is increasing in support of Wright’s (1964) prediction that most insects use more than one attractant chemical. Pressures from sympatric upeciu. which utilize a common attractant, could contribute to the importance placed on secondary chemicals as a means of reducing communication interference. Con- tinued selection could result in the evolution of a pheromone system in which the secondary chemical becomes the main component and the original attt cunt chemical...

DO you WISH TO VISUALIZE THE TERRIBLE DANCE OF DESTRUCTION?

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Today in the world the hot topic discussed by all is global warming, rising temperatures, irregular rainfall and the dire influence seen the world over due to seasonal changes. No doubt the entire world is within its periphery yet we do not know why no country whether it is developed or  a developing one wishes to bring about due changes. Recently in Copenhagen (Denmark) in December 2009 a Global Summit was organized. It was noted that each country said that even if total destruction set in ‘my’ country shall not compromise even a wee bit. IF NOT THEN SAVE PLANET...

Isolating Pheromones

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

When entomologists and chemists originally collaborated to tackle the problem of isolating the top pheromones, they assumed that they were searching for a single compound for each species. How wrong t... When entomologists and chemists originally collaborated to tackle the problem of isolating the top pheromones, they assumed that they were searching for a single compound for each species. How wrong they were! The first successful identication of scolytid pheromones in I. paraconfusus disclosed not one but three compounds (Silverstein et al. 1966) which act together to attract both sexes to a newly attacked host (Wood et al. 1968) (table...

Pheromones Assay In Insects

Posted on: 02 March, 2017

Author: Alexander P

The maximum distance over which a ‘receiver’ insect can orient to pheromone emitted by a ‘sender’ insect depends upon many factors including: 1) pheromone emission rate of the ... The maximum distance over which a ‘receiver’ insect can orient to pheromone emitted by a ‘sender’ insect depends upon many factors including: 1) pheromone emission rate of the sender; 2) behavioral threshold for response to the pheromone by the receiver; 3) wind velocity; 4) length of time the sender releases pheromone; 5) ight speed of the receiver. The first three factors establish the foundation for estimating the theoretical maximum distance of...